Section 22 Referencing
The reports you write for this module will need to include references. We will give separate guidance on referencing for written reports. Here, we will just comment on some issues likely to arise for reports on this module.
For reports on this module, the number of references is likely to be small, and you can construct a references section manually. For reports with larger numbers of references (or your disseration), we recommend using reference management software such as BibTeX (which can be used in combination with bookdown)
22.1 Referencing data sets
If you are using data that you have not produced yourself, you need to give a reference. The University Library gives examples here of how to cite data sets (with Harvard referencing).
These sorts of citations can be awkward, in that some of the details may be missing on the website - just do the best you can to give a full reference. Do make sure you include the date you accessed the data.
22.1.1 Attribution statements and conditions of use
Some data sets are free to use, but only under certain conditions, and you may be required to give an attribution statement. For example, HM Land Registry publishes data on prices paid for houses, but requires you to give this attribution statement if you use it, (and also attaches some conditions for its use).
22.2 Citing R and R packages
Use of R in any published work should be cited. Cite also any package that you have used (either with a library() command, or with the :: syntax). You can get citation details for R with the command
citation()##
## To cite R in publications use:
##
## R Core Team (2021). R: A language and environment for statistical
## computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
## URL https://www.R-project.org/.
##
## A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is
##
## @Manual{,
## title = {R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing},
## author = {{R Core Team}},
## organization = {R Foundation for Statistical Computing},
## address = {Vienna, Austria},
## year = {2021},
## url = {https://www.R-project.org/},
## }
##
## We have invested a lot of time and effort in creating R, please cite it
## when using it for data analysis. See also 'citation("pkgname")' for
## citing R packages.and you can get citation details for any package by adding the name in quotes:
citation("ggplot2")##
## To cite ggplot2 in publications, please use:
##
## H. Wickham. ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis.
## Springer-Verlag New York, 2016.
##
## A BibTeX entry for LaTeX users is
##
## @Book{,
## author = {Hadley Wickham},
## title = {ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis},
## publisher = {Springer-Verlag New York},
## year = {2016},
## isbn = {978-3-319-24277-4},
## url = {https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org},
## }22.3 Using someone else’s figures in your work
Just because a figure is available on the internet, this does not mean you are allowed to use it in your own work!
You need permission to use someone else’s figure; if permission is not stated then you need to contact the author to ask for it. If you redraw the figure yourself, you don’t need permission, but you should then give a citation to make clear that your plot is based on someone else’s work.